“一分钟游程”构园法则的适用性研究

“一分钟游程”构园法则将人的视觉感受与园林组景共同考虑,以25~30 m作为组景转换的理想距离,对游路结构进行反复烘托与不断强化,从而形成柔和、丰富的“构景曲线”。选择南北方各具代表性的苏州沧浪亭和北京恭王府花园,分析其园林的景观布局,对比园林空间序列的“起”“承”“转”“合”间距。结果表明,“一分钟游程”构园法则在南方私家园林及北方皇家园林中同样适用,为今后的游线组织与组景布设提供了设计参考。     

黄河三角洲河道演变与景观格局分析

以黄河三角洲地区东营市部分为研究区域,研究了黄河三角洲河道演变规律与景观格局分布规律,并着重研究了该地区河道演变与景观格局分布的联系。结果表明:近20年间黄河总取水量呈上升趋势;2002~2010年裸地沼泽面积明显减少,植被面积增多。2010~2019年,建设用地面积明显增加;土地利用景观格局的形式从沿海区域开始向内陆演变呈现一定的规律,最外环为海洋、向内依次为是浅海滩涂、滩涂、水产湿地、盐田、旱地、沼泽湿地、植被、建设用地;受季节影响较大的图可以利用ENVI提取其对应的植被覆盖图来消除影响。在NDVI植被归一化指数的基础之上建立植被覆盖图,通过NDVI指数分析植被的长势和营养状况。     

Isolating the effect of soil properties on agricultural soil greenhouse gas emissions under controlled conditions

Agricultural soils are important sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Soil properties and environmental factors have complex interactions which influence the dynamics of these GHG fluxes. Four arable and five grassland soils which represent the range of soil textures and climatic conditions of the main agricultural areas in the UK were incubated at two different moisture contents (50 or 80% water holding capacity) and with or without inorganic fertiliser application (70 kg N ha⁻¹ ammonium nitrate) over 22 days. Emissions of N₂O, CO₂ and CH₄ were measured twice per week by headspace gas sampling, and cumulative fluxes were calculated. Multiple regression modelling was carried out to determine which factors (soil mineral N, organic carbon and total nitrogen contents, C:N ratios, clay contents and pH) that best explained the variation in GHG fluxes. Clay, mineral N and soil C contents were found to be the most important explanatory variables controlling GHG fluxes in this study. However, none of the measured variables explained a significant amount of variation in CO₂ fluxes from the arable soils. The results were generally consistent with previously published work. However, N₂O emissions from the two Scottish soils were substantially more sensitive to inorganic N fertiliser application at 80% water holding capacity than the other soils, with the N₂O emissions being up to 107 times higher than the other studied soils.     

基于模型预测控制的农机主从跟随作业控制方法

针对实际环境中由于农业机械（简称农机）作业过程的作业量以及土壤条件的变化等不确定性因素的影响，导致协同作业跟随农机的行驶工况不稳定、跟随协同作业响应慢、控制困难等问题，在综合考虑不确定性以及响应性能的基础上，提出了一种农机跟随分层控制架构，搭建农机田间作业下的纵向跟随动力学模型，并以间距保持、速度跟随、燃油经济性、加速度跟随性能为目标，进行基于模型预测控制（MPC）算法的上层控制器推导，基于前馈以及PI反馈的控制器作为下层控制，以上层控制器获得的控制加速度为目标，进行力矩（电流）跟踪，在保证抗不确定性以及干扰噪声的同时，提高跟随农机的响应能力。通过Matlab/Simulink仿真和田间试验验证，结果表明，该控制方法可以有效解决农机作业的跟随控制问题，与滑模变结构控制器相比，能够实现稳定跟随行驶，且速度误差和加速度误差更小，速度误差控制在-0.29132~0.18001m/s，加速度误差控制在-0.05678~0.05628m/s2，稳定跟随距离误差为±0.45m，具有良好的跟随效果。     

Towards the sustainable intensification of agriculture—a systems approach to policy formulation

The sustainable intensification of agriculture involves providing sufficient food and other ecosystem services without going beyond the limits of the earth’s system. Here a project management approach is suggested to help guide agricultural policy to deliver these objectives. The first step is to agree measurable outcomes, integrating formal policy goals with the often much less formal and much more diverse goals of individual farmers. The second step is to assess current performance. Ideally, this will involve the use of farm-scale metrics that can feed into process models that address social and environmental domains as well as production issues that can be benchmarked and upscaled to landscape and country. Some policy goals can be delivered by supporting ad hoc interventions, while others require the redesign of the farming system. A pipeline of research, knowledge and capacity building is needed to ensure the continuous increase in farm performance. System models can help prioritise policy interventions. Formal optimization of land use is only appropriate if the policy goals are clear, and the constraints understood. In practice, the best approach may depend on the scale of action that is required, and on the amount of resource and infrastructure available to generate, implement and manage policy.     

气象灾害对农业产量的影响及防御对策

在我国，农业生产是一项非常具有季节性和地域性的工作。特别容易受到季节、地域和水土 的影响。气象灾害是决定农业产量的重要因素。在一些地方，冬天容易出现温度很低的情况。由于 温度的高低是不可控的，所以有许多农作物会被冻伤，导致产量下降甚至绝收的情况。气象局要根据 当地的实际情况进行预防。     

浅谈农业科研项目信息化管理的必要性及存在问题

随着我国农业科研项目立项、推广的进程加快，提升农业科研单位科研项目信息化管理水平 迫在眉睫。因为管理水平低的状况会直接影响科研项目的信息化进程。本文以“农业科研项目信息 化管理”体系为核心，提出相应的信息化管理对策，以期提升农业科研项目信息化的管理水平。     

中华传统农业文化与构建社会主义和谐社会

构建社会主义和谐社会是我国“五位一体”总体布局中的主要内容之一。中华传统农业文化 当中蕴含着丰富的和谐思想，对今天构建社会主义和谐社会意义有很大的借鉴价值。     

发展绿色生态农业推进农业产业化结构调整

现今绿色生态农业受到了更多的关注，其在实际中可以有效的提升农产品的安全，并保证在 农业发展中的生态效益。而农业产业化是现代农业发展的主要方向之一，其在实际中以市场为导向 来对产业结构进行调整，从而在农业产业中可以建立起一体化的经营体系。为此可以结合绿色生态 农业所具备的发展优势来推动农业产业化结构的调整，促使其形成一条绿色、健康、完善农业产业结 构，实现进一步提升农业产业效益的目的。     

农产品电商发展研究——以甘肃省秦安县为例

“互联网+”的出现，为农业发展的模式提供了新的可能，在互联网技术的推动下诞生了许多 的农产品电商模式。甘肃省秦安县是享誉全国的苹果，蜜桃产地，但因为当地的交通以及传统的产销 模式等诸多因素，导致了农民收益少，产品受益群体小，甚至大量农产品被浪费的现象。本项目经过 对甘肃省秦安县农产品电商发展情况进行实地调研，以当地农产品电商发展现状和存在的问题为基 础进行分析，并与当前趋势下的F2F 电商模式进行了融合，并得出了良好的发展预测。